Ksp Calculator
What is Ksp?
The solubility product Ksp describes the equilibrium of sparingly soluble salts in water.
General:
Ksp = [A]a · [B]b
Ksp = [A]a · [B]b
- If Q < Ksp: no precipitation
- If Q = Ksp: saturated
- If Q > Ksp: precipitation likely
Formulas
Solubility product:
Ksp = [A]a · [B]b
Ksp = [A]a · [B]b
Ion product:
Q = [A]a · [B]b
Q = [A]a · [B]b
AB salt (1:1):
Ksp = s²
Ksp = s²
Solubility:
s = √Ksp
s = √Ksp
Examples
AgCl
Ksp ≈ 1.8·10-10
s = √Ksp ≈ 1.34·10-5 mol/L
Ksp ≈ 1.8·10-10
s = √Ksp ≈ 1.34·10-5 mol/L
CaF₂
Ksp = [Ca²⁺][F⁻]²
Ksp = [Ca²⁺][F⁻]²
Precipitation criterion
Q > Ksp → supersaturation → precipitate
Q > Ksp → supersaturation → precipitate
Lab work
Ksp supports separation and identification reactions.
Ksp supports separation and identification reactions.
Technical Background
Precipitation
Precipitation begins when ion product Q exceeds thermodynamic Ksp.
Influencing factors
- Temperature
- Common ion effect
- Complex formation and pH
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