Henry's Law Calculator
What is Henry's Law?
Henry's law describes gas solubility in a liquid at constant temperature.
Basic form:
c = kH · P
c = kH · P
- c: dissolved gas concentration
- kH: Henry constant (temperature-dependent)
- P: partial pressure above liquid
Formulas
Concentration:
c = kH · P
c = kH · P
Partial pressure:
P = c / kH
P = c / kH
Henry constant:
kH = c / P
kH = c / P
Temperature:
kH = f(T)
kH = f(T)
Examples
CO₂ in water (25°C)
kH ≈ 0.033 mol/(L·atm), P = 1 atm
c = 0.033 · 1 = 0.033 mol/L
kH ≈ 0.033 mol/(L·atm), P = 1 atm
c = 0.033 · 1 = 0.033 mol/L
O₂ in water
With smaller kH, solubility is lower than for CO₂.
With smaller kH, solubility is lower than for CO₂.
Increased pressure
If P doubles, c doubles (idealized Henry behavior).
If P doubles, c doubles (idealized Henry behavior).
Beverages
High CO₂ pressure in bottles increases dissolved CO₂.
High CO₂ pressure in bottles increases dissolved CO₂.
Technical Background
Validity range
Henry's law is an approximation for dilute solutions and non-reactive gases. If gas reacts chemically (e.g., CO₂ + H₂O), extended models are required.
Applications
- Beverage industry (carbonation)
- Aquatic chemistry (oxygen dissolution)
- Environmental engineering and gas scrubbing
- Bioprocess engineering (O₂ supply)
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